Biological properties of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi essential oil

Abstract Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi green fruits essential oil (EO) was evaluated regarding its phytochemical profile, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and toxicity. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was applied to identify its constituents, thereafter the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations, and its antibiofilm activity were evaluated. The EO cytotoxicity was assessed in tumor and non-tumor human cells, and in vivo toxicity was evaluated in a Galleria mellonella model. The major constituents of S. terebinthifolia EO were alpha-phellandrene and beta-phellandrene. The EO had a weak activity against all strains of Candida albicans (MIC 1000µg/mL) and had no activity against non-albicans strains, bacteria, and C. albicans biofilm. Cytostatic activity against all tumor cell lines was shown. Additionally, cell viability remained at EO concentrations up to 62.5 µg/mL. At 16 mg/mL, 50% hemolysis was observed, and it had low toxicity in vivo. Overall, the S. terebinthifolia EO was characterized by low antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, with no evidence of toxicity to human tumor and non-tumor cells

Phytochemical composition, antifungal activity, in vitro and in vivo toxicity of Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels leaves extract / Composición fitoquímica, actividad antifúngica, toxicidad in vitro e in vivo del extracto de hojas de Syzygium cumini (L) Skeels

This study determined phytochemical composition, antifungal activity and toxicity in vitro and in vivo of Syzygium cumini leaves extract (Sc). Thus, was characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and submitted to determination of Minimum Inhibitory (MIC) and Fungicidal concentrations (MFC) on reference and clinical strains of Candida spp. and by growth kinetics assays. Toxicity was verified using in vitro assays of hemolysis, osmotic fragility, oxidant and antioxidant activity in human erythrocytes and by in vivo acute systemic toxicity in Galleria mellonella larvae. Fourteen different compounds were identified in Sc, which showed antifungal activity (MIC between 31.25-125µg/mL) with fungistatic effect on Candida. At antifungal concentrations, it demonstrated low cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity and neglible in vivotoxicity. Thus, Sc demonstrated a promising antifungal potential, with low toxicity, indicating that this extract can be a safe and effective alternative antifungal agent.

Este estudio determinó la composición fitoquímica, la actividad antifúngica y la toxicidad in vitro e in vivo del extracto de hojas de Syzygium cumini (Sc). Así, se caracterizó mediante cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas y se sometió a determinación de Concentraciones Mínimas Inhibitorias (CMI) y Fungicidas (MFC) sobre cepas de referencia y clínicas de Candida spp. y mediante ensayos de cinética de crecimiento. La toxicidad se verificó mediante ensayos in vitro de hemólisis, fragilidad osmótica, actividad oxidante y antioxidante en eritrocitos humanos y por toxicidad sistémica aguda in vivo en larvas de Galleria mellonella. Se identificaron catorce compuestos diferentes en Sc, que mostraron actividad antifúngica (CMI entre 31.25-125 µg/mL) con efecto fungistático sobre Candida. En concentraciones antifúngicas, demostró baja citotoxicidad, actividad antioxidante y toxicidad in vivo insignificante. Por lo tanto, Sc demostró un potencial antifúngico prometedor, con baja toxicidad, lo que indica que este extracto puede ser un agente antifúngico alternativo seguro y eficaz.

Prevalência de erosão dentária e fatores associados em uma população de escolares / Prevalence of dental erosion and associated factors in a schoolchildren population

Introdução: Erosão dentária é a perda irreversível de tecido dentário, sem envolvimento bacteriano, cujo aumento de prevalência, nos últimos anos, tem sido alarmante. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de erosão dentária, bem como fatores associados, em escolares de 06 a 13 anos, na cidade de Campina Grande, Paraíba. Material e método: A seleção das escolas foi realizada por amostragem casual simples sem reposição. Após assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, e do Termo de Assentimento, os exames foram realizados por um examinador previamente calibrado, com a criança sentada em uma cadeira escolar, em frente ao examinador, sob luz natural. Para a determinação da presença e do grau de erosão dentária, foi utilizado o índice de BEWE. Os dados foram analisados por meio do software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS para Windows, versão 18.0, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, EUA) e adotou-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: A prevalência de erosão dentária na população avaliada foi de 78,2%. Não foi possível associar a presença das lesões com os fatores socioeconômicos e dietéticos. Apenas a variável Aplicação Tópica de Flúor (ATF) apresentou relação estatisticamente significativa (p=0,012). Conclusão: A alta prevalência de erosão dentária na população avaliada demonstra a necessidade da implementação de medidas assistenciais e preventivas, em curto e longo prazo.

Introduction: Dental erosion is the irreversible loss of dental tissue, without bacterial involvement, whose increased prevalence in recent years has been alarming. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental erosion, as well as associated factors, in school children from 06 to 13 years of age, in the city of Campina Grande, PB. Material and method: Selection of schools was performed by simple random sampling without replacement. After signing the Informed Consent Term and Assent Term, the examinations were performed by a previously calibrated examiner, with the child sitting in a school chair in front of the examiner in natural light. To determine the presence and degree of dental erosion, the BEWE index was used. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS for Windows, version 18.0, SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) and a significance level of 5% was used. Result: The prevalence of dental erosion in the evaluated population was 78.2%. It was not possible to associate the presence of lesions with socioeconomic and dietary factors. Only the variable Topical Application of Fluoride (TFA) presented a statistically significant relation (p = 0.012). Conclusion: The high prevalence of dental erosion in the evaluated population demonstrates the need to implement preventive and preventive measures in the short and long term.